Polarized compound switch



2 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Model.)

M. MOSKOWITZ. POLARIZED COMPOUND SWITCH.

Patented July 16, 1895.

Fla. 1

mvzmon: MOWRNS MQSKWHTZ. 1

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY 2AM M5 ww (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. M. MOSKOWITZ.

POLARIZED COMPOUND SWITCH.

No. 542,773. Patented July 16, 1895.

WITNESSES: 7 ob INVENTOR: Man/ asmhm mas msmwnrz.

BY P m a? )6 W UMOL A TORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MORRIE MOSKO WITZ, OF NEWARK, NENV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONALELECTRIC GAR LIGHTING COMPANY, OF \VEST VIRGINIA.

POLARIZED COMPOUND SWITCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 542,773, dated July 16,1895.

Application filed May 2, 1895. Serial No. &7,837. (No modeLl To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that 1, MORRIS MosKowi'rz, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New 5 Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Polarized CompoundSwitches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others IOskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and toletters andfigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

{5 My present invention has reference to improvements in pole-changersto be used in connection with dynamo-electric machines subject toarmature reversal; and my present invention has for its primary objectto provide a novel form of pole'changer, having for its purpose toproperly direct the current through the secondary or storage battery orbatteries employed in an electric system in whichmy novel form ofpole-changer is employed.

In my previous application for Letters Patent, filed February 27, 1895,Serial No. 539,865, I have clearly illustrated and described one form ofpolarized compound switch or pole- 0 changer to be used in systems ofcarlighting, heating, &c., where the source of electrical energy isderived from a dynamo arranged on a car-wheel axle forming thearmatureshaft, and which is consequently subject to 5 reversal ofrotation. The purpose of the polechanger is sufficiently brought out inthe specification of my said above-mentioned application, and thereforeneed not be described in detail herein.

In my present invention I have devised a form of construction ofpolarized compound switch in which the use of the ordinary mercury-cupsand copper contacts are entirely dispensed with, and in which themechanical action to operate the switch is entirely due to anelectromagnetic pull.

My present invention therefore consists in the novel form of polechanger herein shown, and also in the novel arrangements and comobinations of parts, such as will be fully described in the accompanyingspecification and finally embodied in the clauses of the claims appendedthereto.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a face view of the pole-changer embodying theprinciples of my present invention,and Fig.2 is a side viewof the same.Fig. 3 is a detail View of an electromagnet and a permanent magnet,partly illustrated in section to clearly show the arrangement of itspivoted magnetic armature; and Fig. & is a side View of an electromagnetfor controlling the flow of the electric current through said electromagnet, illustrated in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of one of apair of small commutators employed in connection with this form ofpolarized compound switch. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic representation ofthe circuit-connection between the polarized com- 7c pound switch andthe dynamo and secondary battery.

Similar letters and figures of reference are employed in each of theabove-described views to indicate like parts. 5

I will first describe the construction of the pole-changer and then, ina general way, I will describe its operation in connection with thedynamo and the storage-battery illustrated in said Fig. 6.

In Figs. 1 and 2, Aindicates the base of the polarized compound switch.The switch itself is made with a compound-wound electromagnet (1, whichis in circuit with the main circuit and also with a smallcontrolling-magnet b, said electromagnet a being arranged in a permanentmagnet a, preferably of the horseshoe type, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

The electromagnet a is made in the manner of a solenoid, having a brassor other suitable tube a arranged between the two endsv a which are of anon-conducting material. Said lower end a" is provided within said tubea with a suitable bearing a, to which is pivotally secured on a pin (L5the armature a, which is preferably of iron or steel, and which byinduction is subject to variable polarization.

In operative contact with the opposite sides of the upper end of saidarmature a" are the free ends of suitable springs c and c, which C0 arefastened or secured to a post 0 on the base A, said springs beingemployed for the purpose of normally holding the upper end of saidarmature a directly between two suitable posts and c and thespring-contacts a and a on the sides of said armature a away from thepoints of the adjustable contact-screws c and c, as clearly indicated inFigs. 1 and 3.

As will be seen from said Fig. 1, d and d are a pair of electromagnets,being respectively provided with the spring-actuated armature-bars d and(1 which are mechanically connected by means of a pair of linksf and f,respectively, with suitable commutators e and e. Said links fand f arepivot ally secured to said armature-bars d and d by means of suitablepins or screwsf and the opposite ends of said links are pivotallyconnected by means of screws or pins f to said commutators e and e,substantially as shown. Thus it will be seen that when either one ofsaid armature-bars d or d is attracted by its electromagnet d or deither one of said commutators e or e is partially rotated to establisha complete circuit, as will be understood.

Each commutator comprises therein certain commutator-sections e and. einsulated from each other by a suitable insulating material esubstantially as shown in Fig. 5, said sections e being suitablyconnected bya suitable connection a, while the sections e areopen-oircuited, there being no electrical: connection between them. Saidsections or segments 6 and e are suitably secured between suitable end.plates having a pivotal support e, arranged to partially rotate inasuitable bearing-bar e and a suitable bearing in the base A, as will beclearly evident from anin- 'spection of Fig. 2. In sliding contact withthe outer surfaces of saidsections e and e of eachcommutatore and e aresuitable brushes arranged on spring-arms g, securedto suitablebinding-posts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, connectedwith the different circuits, for the purposes to be fully statedhereinafter.

As has been stated, the armature-bars-cl and d ofthe electromagnets dand d arespring-actuated, being connected with suitable tension-springsh, connected with the adjusting-screws h and h in the usual manner.

I will now describe the operation of the parts comprising my novel formof polarized compound switch and the electrical circuits connecting thesame with a suitable dynamo t'. and a storage-battery 7c and lamps k orother electric translating devices in the circuits. It is brieflyas-follows: Aswill be seen more especially from an inspectionof Fig. 6,a closed circuit is maintained through the armature-commutator of thedynamo, and by means of the circuit-wire 13, through binding.- post w,wire 14, to low-resistance coil of the electromagnet a, thence throughwire 16 and the armature-bar b of the electromagnet 1), making contactat b with the wire -17, to binding-post as and wire 18, to the dynamo2', so

that there will be a current developed through said circuits and theelectromagnet a by the residual magnetism of the fields of the dynamo atthe time of the starting of the same. Thus it will be understood that alow pressure of, say, about two volts, is sufficientto energizethepivoted armature-magnet a and polarize the same according to thedirection of rotation of the dynamo-armature. The upper and variablepole portion of said pivoted armature having been arranged in the fieldof the powerful permanent magnet a, the poles of which are permanentnorth and south poles, will, respectively, attract or repel saidarmature a according to its polarization, due to the direction of thedynamo-armature, causing its contacts a or a to make contact at c or c,and by either of the circuit-wires 19 or 20 energizing either ofsaidelectromagnets d or d, according towhich side the armature-magnet 0thas been caused to make thecontact. By this time, however, the speed ofthe dynamo-armature having increased, the current coming through thewires 13 and 14 will pass through thewire 21 and the coil 22 of theelectromagnet .b, and. out through the. wire 23 into the wire 17,whereby said magnet. b becomes suificiently energized to attractthearmature-bar b and break the contact at b, and the circuit is nowcompleted through the wire 14', the coil 15, and the highresistance coil24, with the wire 17,'back to the dynamool, as will be clearlyunderstood from Fig.6.

I have described the current coming from the dynamo 1' when its armatureis rotating in. the direction ofv the arrow 1. Of course, if thedirection of rotation of the dynamo-armature is reversed, then-thecurrent will come through the wire 18, and in at the bindingpost 00',passing in opposite direction through the circuits just described, ascan be readily traced-from Fig. 6. In this manner the-free end of thearmature-magnet a is made either positive or negative according to thedirection of the armature rotation of the dynamo. Saidpivotedarmature-magnet a is connected by the wire 25 with the binding-post m and wire26 with the battery or batteries is, from which extends the wire 27 tothe binding-post m which'in turn connects the eleotromagnets d or d, bythe respective wires 28 and 29 and the wires 19 and 20, with either oneof said contacts c or c. As soon as contact'has been made by the pivotedarmature-magnetat either c or c, the circuit is completed through eitherof said electromagnets d or d, the current, when contact is made at 0coming from the battery is through the Wire 27, binding-post m wire 28into the electromagnet d, out into wire19, the armature-magneto", andwire 25 into the binding-post at"; or, ifcontact has been made at cthrowing the magnet at out of. circuit, then the current passes from thebattery through wire 27'and wire 29 to the electromagnetd, wire 20, intothe armature-magnet a, out intowire 25, binding-post :0 and wire 23 intothe battery. Thereby a complete circuit has been established through thebattery, the current passing in one and the same direction through thesame, irrespective of the direction of the armature rotation of thedynamo, for the purpose of energizing the electromagnets (Z and d andcontrolling the operation of the commutators e and e 'When either one ofthe electromagnets d or d has become energized in this manner, therespective armature-bar d or 61 attracted by the en ergizedelectromagnet, will cause a partial rotation of either one of thecommutators e or e,operate(l by the links f and f connected with therespective commutators, thereby bringing the brushes g in slidingcontact with the open-cireuited sections 6* of the operated commutatorin contact with the electricallyconnected commutator-sections 6 as willbe clearly evident.

Thus it will be seen that the same current generated by the dynamo t,which polarizes the pivoted armature-magnet a in the manner and for thepurposes stated, will also feed the battery is or the lights 7c by beingcaused to pass through the battery in one direction, irrespective of thedirection of rotation of the dynamo-armature. It is as follows: Supposethe dynamoarmature to be rotating in the direction of arrow t, then thecurrent from the dynamo in passing through the wire 13 to thebindingpost a, contact, of course, having been made by the magnet d andits armature-bar (P, will branch off from the wire 1% into wire 30 intopost 6 of the commutator 6, through the brush arm g and brush 9 throughthe electrical]y-connected commutator-sections c into theoppositely-placed brush 1 and its arm 9 to the post 3. The current nextpasses throughthe wire 31 to bindingpost (If; and wire 32 into thebattery, through the same, and out into wire 33 to binding-post no,thence by wire 3a to post 4 of the commutor e, through the brushes g andtheir arms g, making contact at t. The current then passes through theelectrically-connected sections 6 into the brush g and brush-arm g atthe post 1, and thence by wire 35 to bindingpost no and wire 18 back tothe dynamo.

hen the direction of rotation of the armature of the dynamo is reversed,the armaturemagnet a breaks this circuit by making contact at 0 causingthe elect-romagnet d, by means of its armature-bar d and the link f, topartially rotate the commutator e to establish an electric circuitthrough the same, while the electromagnet d is cutout of circuit. Thecurrent from the dynamo now passes through the wire 18 to thebinding-post :0, wires 35 3G to the post 12, the brush g and its arm gthrough the commutator e and out through the opposite brush g and arm ginto the post 5). Then the current passes through the wires 37 31 tobinding-post at", into wire 32 through the battery it, out therefrominto wire 33 to the binding-post thence by wires 34 38 into post 10, andthe brush g and its arm g connected therewith through the commutator 6'into the opposite brush 9 and its arm 9' at the post 7, and then bywires 39 30 to binding-post cc, and finally through the wire 13 back tothe dynamo.

By my invention it will be seen that I have devised a sensitive anddelicately-operating pole-changer for the main purpose of controllingthe direction of flow of current from a dynamo-armature subject toreversal of rotation and variation of speed through a storagebattery orlamps or other translating devices in one and the same directionirrespective of such changes in the dynauto-armature.

From an inspection of Fig. Git willbe seen that when the dynamo is notin operation and the armature-magnet a is neutral between the contacts 0and c the lights it" or other devices can be fed directly from thebattery 7;.

The posts 2 and 5 of the commutator e and the posts 8 and 11 of thecommutator e may be connected with other circuits in which I can arrangeother electrical devices and apparatus to be connected in circuit withthe storage-battery or with the dynamo.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a polarizedcompound switch, the combination, with an electro-magnet subject tovariable polarity, of a pair of electro-magnets adapted to be brought incircuit by the action of said electro-magnet of variable polarity, and apair of commutators controlled by said pair of electro-magnets, saidcommutators comprising, therein, commutator sections a which areopen-circuited, and commutatorsections 6 which are electricallyconnected, and means connecting said commutators with armature bars ofsaid pair of electro-magnets,

substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a polarized compound switch, the combination, with anelectro-magnet subject to variable polarity, of a pair ofelectro-magnets d and 61', having armature bars, a pair of com mutators,and link connections between said armature bars and commutators tocontrol said commutators and establish a complete circuit, when saidelectro-maguet of variable polarity has brought either of said magnets dor d in circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a polarized compound switch, the combination, with anelectro-magnet subject to variable polarity, of a pair ofelectro-magnets d and d, having armature bars, a pair of commutators,and link connections between said armature bars and commutators tocontrol said commutators and establish a complete working circuit, whensaid electro-magnet of variable polarity has brought either of saidmagnets (Z or d in circuit, said commutators com prising therein,commutator sections a which are open circuited, and commutators e whichare electrically connected, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

at. A polarized compound switch, consisting essentially of an electromagnet a, a pivoted armature magnet a subject to variable polarity, apermanent magnet a, a pair ofelectro-magnets dand d, adapted to bebrought in circuit by the action of said magnet a, and a pair ofcommutators controlled by said elec tro-magnets d and 01'; saidcommutators comprising therein, commutator sections 6 which areopen-circuited, and commutator sections e which are electricallyconnected and means connecting said commutators with the armature barsof said magnets d and d, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

5. A polarized compound switch, consisting essentially, of anelectro-magnet a, a pivoted and spring-actuated armature magnet a,subject to variable polarity, spring-contacts a and a on said magnet,contacts a and 0, a permanent magnet a, a pair of electro-magnets (1 and(1, adapted to be brought in circuit by the action of said magnet a anda pair of commutators controlled by said electro-magnets d and d,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. A polarized compound switch, consisting essentially, of anelectro-magnet a, a pivoted spring-actuated armature magnet a, subjectto variable polarity, spring contacts a and a on said magnet, contactsand 0 a permanent magnet a, a pair of electro-magnets d and d, adaptedto be brought in circuit by the action of said magnet a and a pair ofcommutators controlled by said electro-magnets d and d, said commutatorscomprising therein, commutator sections a which are open-circuited, andcommutator sections c which are electrically connected, and meansconnecting said magnets d and d, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

7. In a polarized compoundswitch, the combination, with a pair ofelectro-magnetsdand (1', having the respective armature bars (1 and d ofa pair of commutators e and e, and links fandj", for operativelyconnecting said armature bars 61 and d with said commuta- MORRISMOSKOWITZ. Witnesses:

FREDK. C. FRAENTZEL, LEON D. ADLER.

